Ethical Decision Making Essay

Webbsters Dictionary contacts the spare- eon activity definitionsEthic , system of moralistic standards , good , conforming to moral and to professional standards of conducts ethics , study of standards of conduct and moral judgment . The system of morals of a particular someone , organized religion , pigeonholing .Kelman and Hamilton , 1989 ,The authors state , that Ethical/Moral Issue , is present where a persons natural processs , when freely and in conscious choice or finish is made, may deadening or benefit or redeem consequences for former(a)s Ethical/Moral Agents , is a person who deems a moral termination , even though she or he may not shake a go at it that moral issues are at stake . Ethical/ Moral stopping point , termination that is some(prenominal) legal and morally acceptable to a big community .Successful Managers enchiridion , PDI , S Gebelein , LStevens , pg 318 , 320 , 321 Ethical OrganizationAn ethical organization is one that adheres to ethica l rules and principles in all its actions , whether the actions are native or external , written or spoken , at mellowed level or low . Ethical organizations often submit a written code of conduct , but to a greater extent generally have well-grounded and widely understood principles and values that guide even the smallest decision or actionLeadership Challenge , Jim Kouzes and Barry Posner , Ch 2According to the authors, the intravenous feeding characteristics that are more important to the group surrounding a loss leader , are Honesty , Progressive , Inspiring and Competent . The research establish on several thousand of interviews in 1987 and 1995 Honesty in both researches was selected as the number one characteristic that leader must have in order for mess to trust and follow him , it speaks about organism reliable , ethic and loyal to his principles . People will look for those conducts and valuate overly congruence in what they say and what they doSuccessful Managers Handbook , PDI , S Gebelein , LStevens , pg , 579 , 580 Effective Leaders bed what they stand for and follow their birth values and morality. They are willing to endure difficulty , take risks , and exculpate themselves uncomfortable in order to live their valuesThere are many decisions models and Ethical decision model , but one voiced way to provoke the Ethical/Moral revision of our actions in sporadically review your decisions and actions to ensure that they are consistent with your values As you make a decision , con grimacer whether you would be comfortable appearing on national TV to justify it or comfortable relieveing the decision to your children and family fasten your rationale and position clear to differentwisesWhen refusing a request , clearly explain to those involved why you cannot support them Seek advice and counsel of others . they may conceive the situation in a different way , identify more options and provide important insight Dont overlook the qui te a little aspect of making tough decisions . be prepared to deal with other peoples reaction and to direct people to resources that will help them to deal with the dissemble of the decision Will my actions stand the test of time ? a socio-economic class from now , will I be glad I unheeded the problem or took the action I did ?There are other models to follow , like Laura Nash and from the Josephson Institute of Ethics The Twelve Questions ModelLaura Nash, an ethics researcher, created the Twelve Questions Model as a simple approach to ethical decision making. Nash, L. (1981). Ethics without the sermon. Howard Business Review, 59 7990, accessed February 24, 2012, http//www.cs.bgsu.edu/maner/heuristics/1981Nash.htm In her model, she suggests postulation yourself questions to determine if you are making the right ethical decision. This model asks people to reframe their perspective on ethical decision making, which can be face-saving in looking at ethical choices from all angle s. Her model consists of the following questions Nash, L. (1981). Ethics without the sermon. Howard Business Review, 59 7990, accessed February 24,2012,http//www.cs.bgsu.edu/maner/heuristics/1981Nash.htm1 Have you outlined the problem accurately?2 How would you define the problem if you stood on the other side of the fence?3 How did this situation occur in the outgrowth place?4 To whom and what do you give your loyalties as a person and as a member of the club?5 What is your intention in making this decision?6 How does this intention compare with the likely results?7 Whom could your decision or action injure?8 Can you compel the stirred parties in a discussion of the problem before you make your decision?9 Are you confident that your position will be as valid over a long period of time as it seems now?10 Could you disclose without qualms your decision or action to your boss, your family, or society as a whole?11 What is the emblematic potential of your action if understood? If miss understood?12 chthonian what conditions would you allow exceptions to your stand? As you can see in this model, basic an analysis of the problem itself is important. Determining your true intention when making this decision is an important factor in making ethical decisions. In other words, what do you hope to accomplish and who can it hurt or harm? The ability to talk with affected parties upfront is telling. If you were unwilling to talk with the affected parties, there is a chance (because you want it kept secret) that it could be the vilify ethical decision. Also, looking at your ,actions from other peoples perspectives is a core of this model .Some of the possible approaches to ethical decision making. No one model is perfect, so understanding all of the possibilities and combining them is the crush way to look at ethical decision making.Josephson Institute of Ethics ModelJosephson Institute of Ethics uses a model that focuses on sestet steps to ethical decision makin g. The steps consist of stop and think, explicate goals, determine facts, develop options, consider consequences, choose, and monitor/modify. . Figure 5.4 An Example of Josephsons Model when Dealing with the Ethical item of Downloading Music from Share Websites. gives an illustration of the ethical decision-making process using Josephsons model.Figure 5.4 An Example of Josephsons Model when Dealing with the Ethical Situation of Downloading Music from Share Websites.My feelEthics is not about rules is about Transparency, Trust, and HonestyYou will know that you are being unethical, doing wrong or abusing when You are consciously time out rules , laws and codes . Written or not Persons , communities or places are being harmed or affected by environmental , economic , security conditions You will not openly talk about decisions you or your company are victorious , with family , friends or colleagues You spend more time minimizing the economical , cultural , group impact of your d ecisions than maximizing the benefits of the decision good DECISION MAKING SITUATIONSSituation 1 Facilitating Decisions in the Middle EastOn one side you have a very open position from the government , accept the help of friends and relatives from the Minister to grant the contracts . Even when your company has not even established a code of conduct , has formed a committal to consider one . The government of your country passed an ethical business arrange act , that although vague , implies this kind of payment to be a invasion . More important , ALL the executive group above you do not want to become involved . Therefor , I would not proceed with the bid , I would write a letter to my supervisor , expressing the implications of the bribe if our government finds out about the $200 k and also , I would meet with the Minister expressing the company policy , offering to trifle along in other projects or with technical support ,ETHICAL DECISION MAKING SITUATIONSSituation 3 The S outheast Asian ad CampaignYou are sweet in the position . It is the publicize power that is presenting for approval ,the plan to introduce a new harass . The new tire is better is better than some local products , the tire is than competitors and has been successfully tested . Senior care is expecting a favorable reception .The company has an ethical business act and a code of conduct I would push the advertising company to focus on the real advantages of the tire and express the benefit of buying an extraordinary tire that will terms less than the competitors . The test conditions of heat and humidity are technical , so I would express them in small letters as a disclosure in the advertisement . I would review the tire comparisons and advertising plans in my country of origin and in other parts of the earth for this same tire . Also review past presentations where the Senior Management was involved and supportive .