Laughable Issues and Lessons in Jane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice Essay Sample free essay sample

â€Å"Who wouldn’t want to be Elizabeth Bennet? † is possibly one inquiry that a reader of Pride and Prejudice would normally inquire. As Jane Austen’s favored heroine. her â€Å"liveliness of head. † independency. humor and vivacity are a delectation to many. The best of it all is that she is able to pull the tall. fine-looking rich Darcy. Truly. who does non desire to be her? Yet. if one looks at the universe of the novel. one can non deny that Regency England is non a really friendly topographic point for adult females. Beyond Austen’s orderly fencings were wars. revolutions and a huffy male monarch opinion England. It was a disruptive clip that called for sense every bit good as esthesia. Jane Austen exhibits both these features good in all of her novels. Elinor Dashwood ofSense and Sensibilityis a idol of this every bit good as Elizabeth Bennet. Although Elizabeth does come in Netherfield Park with a boggy half-slip. We will write a custom essay sample on Laughable Issues and Lessons in Jane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page she does non traverse the boundary lines of properness like her three younger sisters. Sense is good employed in the novel through sarcasm. Darcy himelf notes the incompatibility and power of Elizabeth’s dry linguistic communication: â€Å" [ †¦ ] you find great enjoyment in on occasion professing sentiments which in fact are non your own† ( 134 ) . Irony refers to how a individual. statement. circumstance or state of affairs is non how it seems to be. The best illustration of this is really the novel’s well-quoted first line: â€Å"It is a truth universally acknowledged. that a individual adult male in ownership of a good luck must be in privation of a wife† ( 1 ) . In world. adult females are by and large the 1s looking for work forces to be their hubbies or son-in-laws. That statement fundamentally summarizes the premiss of the novel and the quest of the Bennet sisters. That is besides true for Lizzy as she finds love and luck in the class of the novel. As the novel progresses. this sarcasm will intensify. In this essay. the mode of which issues such as the adult female inquiry. category mobility and matrimony are ironically laughed alternatively of subversively protesting about them will be explored. peculiarly in Elizabeth Bennet’s experiences. Even in the novel’s first sentence. one could see the ends of adult females in society at that clip. The end of about every adult female so was to get married a rich adult male and do her girls marry rich work forces. Womans were merely intended to delight work forces. In one drawing room conversation at Netherfield. Caroline Bingley lists the features of an complete adult female: must hold a thorough cognition of music. vocalizing. pulling. dancing. and the modern linguistic communications. to merit the word ; and besides all this. she must possess a certain something in her air and mode of walking. the tone of her voice. her reference and looks [ †¦ ] ( 29 ) . All these features are the features of a perfect hostess. Mr. Darcy adds to this: â€Å"the betterment of her head by extended reading† ( 29 ) . All of these remarks seem to divert Elizabeth as she replies to both: â€Å"I am no longer surprised at your cognizing merely six complete adult females. I instead wonder now at your cognizing any† ( 29 ) . That shook the Bingley sisters’ nervousnesss. Not merely did that comment imply that they are non complete adult females but besides it inquiries their very impression of complete adult females. The inquiry of woman’s individuality does neither arise in the novel that much nor is it answered. but like in that peculiar conversation. it is questioned. Marriage. as antecedently mentioned. is one of the chief topics of the novel as it follows the matrimony conquerings of the Bennet sisters. In Regency England. matrimony is normally a concern dealing. Few people marry for love. Many marry for security like Charlotte Lucas in get marrieding Mr. Collins. Before that event. readers are given a glance of Charlotte’s positions on matrimony: Happiness in matrimony is wholly a affair of opportunity. If the temperaments of the parties are of all time so good known to each other. or of all time so similar before-hand. it does non progress their felicitousness in the least. They ever contrive to turn sufficiently unlike afterwards to hold their portion of annoyance ; and it is better to cognize every bit small as possible of the defects of the individual with whom you are to go through your life ( 16 ) . Of Charlotte’s matrimony to Mr. Collins. Elizabeth could merely â€Å"meditate upon Charlotte’s grade of contentment† ( 122 ) . For Elizabeth. felicity in a matrimony such as that is impossible. as she has day-to-day cogent evidence of that in the matrimony of her parents. There are non many happy matrimonies in the novel. Class mobility is interrelated with matrimony in the novel. Womans are non the lone 1s to get married rich but besides work forces like Mr. Wickham. since one could travel up the societal ladder done matrimony as some people do through trade like Mr. Bingley. Unfortunately. characters such as Lady Catherine like â€Å"to have the differentiation of rank preserved† ( 124 ) . The blue Lady Catherine and Mr. Darcy show their clasp on other categories through assorted workss. As Lady Catherine controls Mr. Collins so does Darcy act upon the noveau riche Bingley in interfering in Bingley’s relationship with Jane. Darcy’s construct of pride is linked to his category. The construct of pride in the novel is linked to honour and responsibility. Elizabeth herself acquiescences: â€Å"you have chosen your mistake well† ( 43 ) . Though Elizabeth and the novel’s readers could laugh at Mr. Collins fawning over Lady Catherine or Ms. Bingley seting herself on show for Mr. Darcy. category struggle is obvious. Jane’s matrimony to Bingley and Elizabeth’s matrimony to Darcy in the terminal does small to harmonise the relationship between these categories. Elizabeth laughs at those issues but as she experiences them she can non deny that those issues are existent in her universe. At the center of the novel. she learns that she is blinded by bias. so that she could non truly approach the issues that surround her every bit objectively as she thought: How despicably have I acted! [ †¦ ] I. who have prided myself on my understanding! —I. who have valued myself on my abilities! who have frequently disdained the generous candor of my sister. and gratified my amour propre. in useless or blameworthy misgiving. —How humiliating is this find! [ †¦ ] But amour propre. non love. has been my folly. [ †¦ ] Till this minute. I neer knew myself ( 159 ) . Her sense of vision was questioned. so she had to reconsider her sentiments of about everything. When Lydia was invited by Mrs. Foster. she objects to her father’s determination. seeing Lydia’s shame more clearly. In Derbyshire. she comes face to confront non merely with â€Å"his beautiful evidences of Pemberley† ( 286 ) but besides the world of his category. She came to recognize that â€Å"to be the kept woman of Pemberley must be something† ( 185 ) . Lydia’s elopement with Wickham merely became the concluding blow to her. coercing her to earnestly see her connexions. Given all of Elizabeth’s experiences. the modern reader would likely inquire if these lessons are still applicable in the 20Thursdaycentury. since many chick-lit authors such as Helen Fielding draw inspiration from this novel. Possibly one could state â€Å"yes† to that. There is still a grade of bias in all manners of instruction. even in this post-Holocaust universe. But at least. in this epoch. many people are more cognizant of bias and its effects than in Jane Austen’s clip. The issues mentioned here are taken more earnestly. Truly. issues such as the adult female inquiry. category mobility and matrimony are found ironically absurd in this novel. But after reading this novel. the reader. like Elizabeth. is besides forced to oppugn his sense of vision and bias. As the reader considers this. one might non believe this issue of bias laughable at all. Plants Cited — .Pride and Prejudice. Ed. James Kinsley. Oxford: Oxford UP. 1998.

Social loafing Essays

Social loafing Essays Social loafing Paper Social loafing Paper Social loafing A definition of a social loader is an individual who attempts to hide; when placed in a group situation and does not perform to his or her potential. When I am performing a relay, and I am the second leg of the relay and I no I am swimming with lots of very good swimmers on my team, I sometimes do not work as hard as when I am swimming a solo race on my own. I feel that I do not swim to my best potential and tend to slack off only doing enough to keep position. Goal setting Over trained Section B: psychological and physiological weaknesses Self efficacy Self efficacy is the degree of self confidence experienced by a performer when placed in a specific situation. Just before a big competition, or swimming gala, I feel myself have constant doubts about my ability. When I compete in butterfly which is my lease favourite stroke and the one I find most challenging, my levels of self efficacy decline and my confidence levels drop and my performance suffers as a result. By losing self confidence before a game it can lead to a bad performance and this may lead to increased anxiety. By having low levels of self efficacy I feel that motivation drops and the amount of effort applied will fall. Also my commitment and effort may drop and this will affect my performance and training dramatically. Information processing Anxiety/ over arousal Trait anxiety refer to the general disposition of an individual to perceive situations as threatening, just before a competition I feel really nervous which means I feel I am unable to mentally prepare as I should be, I lose concentration focus on other unimportant things, become very tensed and feel I do not listen to my coach but constant concerns about my performance. There are two types of anxiety cognitive and somatic, cognitive anxiety is experienced before an event and it involves the performers thoughts and worries concerning his or her ability to complete the task successfully. This anxiety is what affects me most. Somatic anxiety is physiological responses where you are placed in a situation and are unable to complete the task successfully. My attentional narrowing decrease, this is when arousal theories directly relate to my ability to focus on relevant cues. I tend to focus on irrevlant cues are my concentration is misdirected, for example I will have a slow start of the blocks or a slow changeover. This is known as attentional wastage and it decreases my performance. Section B : Physical and physiological factors Acceleration It is important when completing short distance swimming races for example 50m and 100m that you have power coming off the blocks and out of turns also power to gain advantage over performers. I feel I have a problem with anaerobic fitness and that the last sprint of the race is poor as I lack power and acceleration to finish well. ATP/PC system Long term training methods Section B strategic and tactical weaknesses elite performance Section B: psychological and physiological weaknesses :elite performance Section B : Physical and physiological factors :elite performance

Ways People Deal With Stress Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Ways People Deal With Stress - Essay Example However, when the frequency and/or the intensity of bombardment cross a certain threshold, it severely affects the mental and physical health adversely. Nonetheless, it is possible to deal with stress and make life worth living. This demands internal and external efforts often called cognitive-behavioral stress management techniques; optimism, staying happy and healthy, liking what you do and being less prone to external pressures help reduce the effects stress can have. ‘Stress, is the outcome of the demands made on an individual beyond the capacity of his potentials to cope with the situation†¦ ability to cope with a task dealing with the situation is inversely related to the degree of stress’ (Shrivasta, pp. 17). Some people can work ten hours a day easily while others find it burdensome. Some people can submit a twenty five page report due on the weekend without taking any painkillers during the course while others suffer from severe migraine and insomnia. It is widely observed that in the race course of life, a few individuals are more prone to tumbling on every hurdle and hurting themselves. A huge factor which may lead to such a performance is lack of self-belief. It is highly essential for an individual to recognize the entity that they are and acknowledge all that they are capable of; without such recognition a person is likely to underestimate their self frequently and harm their personality. An ‘I can do this’ attitude keeps the person moving ahead with determination while an ‘I don’t know how I will ever do this!’ attitude forces them to stop intermittently and get frightened by minor difficulties which causes stress (Shrivasta, pp. 23-25). Therefore, believe in one’s self helps a person fight with the stressful forces they encounter and leads to a stress-free life. Moreover, willingness to do a task and enjoying it contribute positively to stress management. Stress is usually caused by †˜stretching’ activities which require more than one’s regular output or productivity. Enjoying what one is doing automatically increases the level of efficiency and makes stretching activities fun rather than arduous. For instance, a person who likes writing will enjoy their career as a journalist and will take up new demanding projects with a positive vigor; on the other hand, anyone who lacks the ability to write will be facing difficulty and stressing their selves at every step of their work life. Therefore, doing what one enjoys highly reduces the level of stress they will experience (Shrivasta, pp. 29-32). Many a times, when coming across individuals of different natures, we experience a type of people who cannot refuse or cannot say a ‘no’. Such a behavior leads situations where they find themselves trapped. If one is not comfortable with doing something or finds a task totally beyond their capabilities, they should refuse to take the offer rather t han mentally suffering from their own actions. For example, if a girl opts to teach calculus to her friend everyday in her already-hectic life, just because the friend asked for it, she will over-burden herself and may get stressed (Bennet, Zeller, Rosenberg, and McCann, pp. 6-8). The friend and her incapability to refuse will be her stressors. In this situation, if she refused to teach, she could have done well to herself as well as the friend who could have now taken help from someone who has the time and a willingness to teach. The most important thing is to have a positive outlook on life; happiness and relaxation should be on the to-do list every day. Studies have found that laughter may reduce stress by causing a decrease in stress hormones and improve natural killer cell activity (Bennet,

What is Customer Service Quality Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

What is Customer Service Quality - Essay Example For Lucas (2005, p.4), customer service means the employees’ capacity to provide both their external and internal clients such satisfactory products and services. Once customers are satisfied by the products and services of the company, Lucas (2005, p.4) added that it leads to convincing word – of – mouth which then causes a good business return. In terms of having a customer service of quality, quality of service is defined by Parasuraman et al. (1985) as a satisfaction outcome between the actual service rendered by a certain organization and the expected desired service of the customer from the company. In the event of assessment of the quality of service, Parasuraman et al. (1985) added that this is subjected not only on the final outcomes of actual service but it also depends during various operations of the company’s service. Meanwhile, from the point of view of the customers, the service quality is shaped by five elements namely service delivery, phy sical aspects of service, service delivery system, service product or primary service, and social responsibility (Sureshchandar et al., 2001, p 113). 2.2 Examining the Notion of Service Quality The important outcome of different elements like customer retention, performance as well as cost – effectiveness is what we know as quality of service. According to Parasuraman et al. (1988), the quality of service is one among the different mechanisms applied by a lot of institutions to achieve success. Given the satisfaction of the customer with the company, it is more likely that that particular customer will transact with that specific company once more. In particular, it is the case that companies may possibly apply the parameter of quality of service as a defensive marketing scheme through lowering costs which results to customer retention (Parasuman & Grewal, 2000, p14). Apart from that, service quality can also be used by businesses as an offensive marketing approach through ga ining bigger market share (Parasuman & Grewal, 2000, p14). Service quality is the end product of competition among companies to fulfill customers’ needs successfully. It is suggested that how quality of service is perceived by customers is more often that the not, the major cause for his or her return (Lucas, 2005 p. 342). Given this, companies should create a quality system to attend the needs of customers in order to yield success in the market competition (Berry & Parasuraman, 1997, p.66). Meanwhile, in terms of quality of service, there are three kinds of customers which are internal, external and competitors’ customers (Berry & Parasuraman, 1997). They have engaged in a debate that an integrated information system based on all three customer categories helps in achieving high quality service and facilitates decision - making activities of different organizations. On the one hand, Berry and Parasuraman (1997, p.66) claimed that measuring the expected service, empha sis on the quality of information, describing the words of clients, connecting the performance of services to the business results, and also reaching all staff members of the company are the parameters to meet the prerequisites of quality of service. On the one hand, Parasuraman et al. (1985, p.7) stated that goods are easier to evaluate than the service quality because it is heterogeneous and intangible and same with the fact that product and consumption are two inseparable entities. Berry (1980) agreed with Parasuraman et al. (1985). As Berry (1980) pointed out, the difficulty of measuring services is due to work environment that renders service like building and office decor. Meanwhile, the most significant key determining factors of quality of service are identified by Parasuraman et al

Organizational Change and Development Assignment

Organizational Change and Development - Assignment Example This discussion identifies three perspectives, people, approach and method of change implementation at the broader level that impact change management process.  Greek philosopher, Heraclitus, is known to be the first person who touched upon the ‘changing’ nature of the world, in his words, â€Å"you never step into the same river twice,† (Cameron & Green, p.10) and â€Å"all is in flux† (Stetson & Conti, p.29). This concept is equally apt to the world of business with increasing competition, meeting customers’ expectations, and finding new opportunities for growth in business, career and sustaining the competitive edge in the changing markets (McGrath & MacMillan, 2005). Organizations will have to embrace these challenges in order to sustain in the competitive world. In order to achieve their goals, while catering to the changing demands of the industry, organizations adopt strategic changes, appropriate for achieving every single objective. These strategic changes are meant to bring about radical or transformational change to the established ways of working from both organizational and employee perspectives. Nevertheless, bringing about change at the workplace, whether structural, procedural, technological or financial, in order to improve the situation or for better business results entails more efforts than planning the change and its implementation.   The forces that cause organizations to opt for radical transformations could be external such as technological advancements, government regulations, increasing competitiveness, and/or changing demands; and internal such as organizational bureaucracy and complacency.   Usually, implementing change is impacted by factors such as time and investment required; the impact of change on the financial performance of the business; return on investment; an intensity of improvement; and importantly, its impact on the end customers.   At an organizational level, planning for the c hange and change management as a responsibility rests with, or is the function of, specific project management team or division, but its implementation at an organizational level requires the involvement of various, or all, other functions/departments failing which the proposed change itself may fail.   This failure can be disastrous for the organization or business and/or to the people associated with the change and the organization, which includes all stakeholders, i.e. employees, customers, and all shareholders. Therefore, bringing about a change should equally be balanced by the way change is being managed in order to succeed.   Michael Dell believes that companies that learn to manage change are in the best position to continue to take the risks needed to stay out in front (cited Matejka & Murphy, 2005; p.19).

Are People With Anorexia Or Obesity Deviant?

Are People With Anorexia Or Obesity Deviant? Anorexia is seen as deviant because it defined as an illness. People literally starve themselves at times. It is a world known behaviors especially in women. Many women become victims to anorexia due to society and the media creating the perfect body for people. (deviance sociology) this is mentioned in the functionalist theory which looks at society. Obesity people are seen as deviant because people stereotype them as lazy, slobs and ugly. Medically overweight people are those who are 20 percent over their ideal weight. (deviance) The media is one of the most influential cultures; it can impact individuals and cause society issues. It can impact society negatively due people relying on media for information. (Wright 1986). How does society define the right weight? If there was no gym or healthy table how would you know if you had the right weight? American Company Metropolitan established the first table of the right weights and height in 1942; it was based on the measurements and life spans of a large number of their clients. (Deviance and social control p. 129). Healthy people find it easier to get insurance, somebody suffering from obesity or anorexia will struggle to get health insurance. Women have been stereotyped there image since history could remember. In ninetieth century to be thin signaled nervous exhaustion and lack of fitness to fulfill the ideals of wife and motherhood (Ewen 1988). Only in the 1920s did the image of women start to change. Anorexia can be seen as a form of rebellion A Sociologists looks at issues from a different perspective, they focus their attention on social factors. They look at regularities as with all social behavior, it is socially patterned.   Emile Durkheim Deviance has to do with going against the norms of a particular society. For years it has been discussed how celebrities and their super slim bodies have tainted the self-image of the very impressionable youths. We have reached a point where eating disorders have saturated the adolescent population and as such society has expressed their disgust. Previously it was a topic that was avoided as much as possible but the realization has come forth that the only way to attack this problem is head-on. As such, a very negative stigma has been placed on eating disorders especially anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. This stigma has caused those affiliated with the act to be viewed as deviants and treated as such. They are institutionalized so that they can be rehabilitated and released back into society when it is thought that they can function normally. The Interactionist Perspective emphasizes things such as peer pressure, the influence of role models, and the role of peer groups on an individual (Adler and Adler 49). Because people often associate with others who are similar to themselves, the obese persons peer group becomes many other obese people. Often, these people reinforce each others eating and exercise habits, as well as beliefs concerning obesity. It becomes an acceptable practice to eat often and poorly as well as not exercise. These peer groups perform the function of support and acceptance, making the obese person feel better about him/herself. The group even allows its members to feel a sense of normalcy about themselves. Outside of this peer group, however, these people are seen as deviant. According to McLorg and Taub, as a part of developing the deviant identity, people experience both primary and secondary deviance (Adler and Adler 247-250). Between these stages is societal reaction. In primary deviance, the person violates norms that do not affect self-concept or social role performance. In this stage, the person overeats, but has not yet begun showing signs of being overweight or obese. They do not feel differently about themselves. Between stages, the person begins to be visibly deviant, and is labeled obese by society. In secondary deviance, the person deviates in response to societys having labeled them. Once this has occurred, the obese person internalizes that identity and begins to interact with others in such a fashion. It affects his or her self-concept and social roles. One begins to associate with others like him/herself. At this point, the deviant has achieved a new status that defines him/her. Additionally, the people surrounding the deviant often expec t the person to fulfill the deviant role. Deviance is not the person who is being breaking the rules but the social groups who apply those rules. The deviant behavior is who labels the people (Becker 1963:9). According to downs 1999 labelling theory has had a dramatic impact on social policy. It stresses the negative consequences of societal reactons to deviance that have more to do wth stigmatizing outsiders than attempting to prevent crime. Obesity can be considered deviant due to its societal reaction. Obesity is visibly deviant, therefore, making it easier for the labeling process to occur. Once the obese person has been labeled, he or she is deviant. besity has become statistically an average behavior in the United States. Nevertheless, it is still abnormal. The norm stands that thinness is attractive and worthy (Adler and Adler, 245). So long as this norm is upheld, obesity will be deviant and people will be labeled for their deviance and inability to conform. Also, it has been noted in a study done by Hammarlund et al, that poor family functioning and parental control are risk factors contributing to childhood obesity. Adult obesity is often rooted in childhood obesity making it harder to lose weight later in life (Wardlaw 324). Deviant behaviour is pathological in that it repents the viollateion of shared norkms (Elliott et al. 1985) have shown thast young people behaviour needs to be understood in terms of immediate goals (such as doing well in school, being popular and being successful in sporot) as well as long term economic success ( Lawson snd heaton 1999:58). Women are taught that image is their master status and that those who do not meet a lofty standard will be branded as inferior or unfit (or in the words of Tepperman, citing Erving Goffman, stigmatized. [Tepperman, 52]) Becker 1963:9: What kinds people commit deviant acts (Roach Anleu 2006:26). 2500 words defend argument provide evidence refer work to sociologists sujpport claims use the sociological models to organize the argument atleasst 10 references It further questions why, given those definitions, some people come to be defined as deviant, and what consequences this has for them (downes 1999:223). Girls as young as six or seven years of age react to being labeled. This labeling often originates when mothers pressure their young daughters into becoming aware of their physical appearance. (ibid) This image pressure can range from nominally harmless activities like encouraging children to play with make-up and dresses to overtly telling a chubby child that she should lose weight. By enshrining image and appearance near the top of the childs list of cultural goals, mothers often render their daughters susceptible to further and perhaps more harmful pressures from other sources in their adolescent years. Mertonian Functionalism and Symbolic Interactionism are only two of the many sociological perspectives that make substantial contributions to our understanding of eating disorders One particular example of research that an SI sociologist might perform would be an examination of the intervention process. Many individuals who are perceived to suffer from a psychological illness, including those related to body image such as obesity and anorexia, are subject to interventions and confrontations by their friends and family. During an intervention, a wide variety of social sources attempt to get the subject to admit to having a problem. This strategy of confrontation is not unlike the way that psychiatric hospital staff treat patients who insist they are not actually ill, as developed David Rosenhans famous study that utilized SI paradigms. (Rosenhan)

The Ambitious Marc Antony in Julius Caesar Essay -- Julius Caesar Essa

The Ambitious Marc Antony in Julius Caesar    The tragic and untimely death of Julius Caesar, a condemned Roman tyrant, triggered William Shakespeare's creativity. In his play Julius Caesar Shakespeare writes of the treacherous conspirators, Marcus Brutus and Caius Cassius, and their plans to assassinate their Roman leader, Julius Caesar. The story continues to explain how Caesar's loyal friend, Marc Antony, helps avenge the brutal murder. After Antony receives soldiers to fight his battle, his character begins to change. The   fair and faithful Marc Antony transforms to a darker and more deceitful character. Marc Antony is not suitable to rule Rome because he holds a grand desire of great power, his conceit restrains him from seeing other's opinions and he possesses the dangerous power of crowd swaying.    Marc Antony hungers for domination, which is dangerous for Rome because he will go to any length to achieve his objective. These lengths include Marc Antony betraying his fellow country officials along with the citizens by deceiving them. The first time this treachery occurs is after Caesar's death while Marc Antony is discussing the act with the conspirators. Antony tells the conspirators that although he is mournful of his dear friend's death, if they believe the action they took was necessary then he will have to agree. However, once the conspirators leave, Antony reveals to Caesar's body that he will indeed seek his revenge. Antony accomplishes his plan of retribution by speaking at Caesar's funeral, convincing the crowd of Roman citizens that this act was truly a murder by power-hungry leaders. The fact that Marc Antony carried out his plan states that he will deceive his asso... ...s riled audience and the possession of information that sets them over the edge into being an unforgiving mob (III, 2, 107-259). Having a serious effect on an audience is important when trying to be understood fully, however revenge is a dangerous topic especially when being encouraged by a talented public speaker.    Marc Antony is truly a deceitful person. This attribute is apparent in Antony's actions including how he handles his excessive greed, presumption in himself and his opinions and his perilous power of public speaking. Antony is not worthy of the presidency because he would be entrusted with too much power. Jurisdiction is an important privilege given to only those who can prove themselves as worthy and capable. Marc Antony has demonstrated that he cannot adequately rule Rome and therefore should not be allowed the opportunity.   

Keeping Two Sets of Records

Ethical Dimensions of Financial Accounting: Keeping two sets of Records Financial Accounting is an informational tool intended for both managers of a company and for external parties of an organization as defined by Garrison. There is also an existence of some regulatory bodies requiring the use of different principles accordingly within companies’ jurisdiction. In some cases, companies are required to keep two sets of accounting records. For example, publicly traded companies are required to use GAAP by the U. S. Securities and Exchange Commission.But GAAP and IFRS depreciation rules don't always match up. Companies routinely account for earnings and expenses differently on their annual reports, compared with their tax returns . A contributing factor to keeping separate records is the different treatment in measuring income. The two approaches used in measuring income is the accrual-based and cash based accounting. As defined in our textbook Managerial Accounting by Garrison, Accrual accounting measures income as the difference between revenues recognized in the period versus and the expenses that are matched with those revenues.In contrast, cash basis accounting measures sales unless cash is actually received similarly with costs; they are deducted from sales in the same period they are paid for cash disbursements. Varying approach to accounting for depreciation is also permiited such as charging expense over a short period of time compared to its useful life of certain assets. (straight line method versus the accelerated depreciation). This lets the fixed assets expense higher at the early years of its acquisiton, thereby reducing taxable income.This approach to depreciation poses a benefit to a company to actually invest in fixed assets which may lead to operating efficiences. Another perspective is that businesss usually does a separate keeping of record for tax accounting purpose in order to minimize the possible amount of taxable income. In realit y, companies tend to overstate income when the financial information is being presented to external creditors or investors, whereas understating it to government regulators.This is practically done by businesses to stay in business—which is logical and legal. The most important thing to be adhered is to report financials set within accordance to the tax regulations, otherwise a company will be subject to loss of credibilty and trustworthiness to stakeholders and other external parties. References: Is It Legal for a Business to Maintain Two Sets of Accounting Records? | eHow. com http://www. ehow. com/info_7840065_legal-two-sets-accounting-records. html#ixzz29M1e7rFq

Essay on Mudras

Essay on Mudras Essay on Mudras Essay on MudrasMudras stand for hand gestures. For several thousands of years mudras have been widely used in India for a number of purposes: in healing process, as storytelling techniques, for emotional expression, in dancing, as well as for evoking the most prominent spiritual conditions. The system of mudras has been elaborated for the application in yoga practices and Indian dancing. In general, there are over 200 hand mudras. Each mudra has its â€Å"specific technique, application, health and spiritual benefits and historical background† (Carroll Carroll 3). Mudras play an important role in the context of traditional spiritual system of India. According to Cain Carroll and Revital Carroll, â€Å"hand mudras or hand gestures have an important role in yogic thought and Indian culture, where they have probably been explained in more detail than perhaps any other tradition† (9). Mudras have an enormous power over human body, solidifying the human body and mind and pr oviding self-enhancement.Some Facts from the History of Mudras  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Mudras have a long and colorful history, but the origin of Mudras remains a mystery. According to some researchers, â€Å"the origin of Mudras date to esoteric Buddhism, particularly the Tendai and Shingon sects†(Menen 42). In ancient India, Mudras were used in martial art. The major purpose of application different Mudras was to generate and effectively use spiritual focus and power in fighting. Experts consider that Mudras have some magical explanations, which are often very difficult to understand. Moreover, Mudras were used in important rituals and rites of the old cultural traditions of Hinduism and Buddhism not only in India, but also in Tibet, Japan, China, Indonesia and other Asian countries. The images of Mudras were found in the cave paintings and sculptures of Ajanta and Ellora caves, which date back to the 2 and 1 centuries BC.Besides, the earliest Hindu know ledge about Mudras was recorded in the â€Å"ancient documentations of Mantra Shastra, or â€Å"the book of incantations†, Upasana Shastra, or â€Å"the book of worship and prayers† and the Nritya Shastra, or â€Å"the book of classical dances† (Bansal). Some experts consider that the science of Mudras was originated from yoga practice as the exercises for relaxation.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In addition, the science of Mudras provides an opportunity to learn how to coordinate the action of five elements in order to awaken the powers of human body. The word â€Å"Mudra† is a Sanskrit word, which means â€Å"sign† or â€Å"seal†. The hand gestures have different positions that help to guide the flow of energy to the brain. The imbalance in human body means that one of five elements is too active, or too weak in its functioning. This imbalance leads to disharmony of the whole system or to various diseases.The Use of Mudras in Practice  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Mudras are used in yoga practice. In yoga, Mudras are considered to be the â€Å"developed forms of asanas† (Ramdev 133). Mudras are closely connected with human senses, and in yoga practice, mudras give positive results. There are two categories of Mudras in yoga practice: first, Mudras as hand gestures that regulate the key element of the system, and, second, â€Å"Mudras that help in awakening the Kundalini and elevating the pranas† (Ramdev 133).   It has been found that the universe involves five elements: fire, air, space, earth and water. Human body also has been made of five elements, and the five fingers stand for these elements: â€Å"the thumb represents fire, index finger –air, middle finger –space, ring finger –earth, and the little finger-water† (Ramdev 133). The major goal of yoga practice is to balance these elements. In Hatha Yoga, there are 25 Mudras that affect vario us processes, including cleansing and breathing exercises.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Besides, Mudras are used in Indian classical dance, such as Nritta dance (â€Å"pure dance†) and Nrytia (â€Å"expressional dance†). According to Cain Carroll and Revital Carroll, â€Å"in classical Indian dance there is a significant emphasis on the conscious formation of hand gestures†(23). An Indian dancer should hold her hands in some specific manner and in the proper Mudra. Researchers state that â€Å"the ground for such a unique feature in a dance form lies in the cultural context it emerged within† (Carroll Carroll 23). As classical Indian dance is closely connected with spiritual rituals and religious philosophy, Mudras help to generate energy that comes from the dancer’s hands. As a rule, Mudras used in the classical Indian dance, are the major tools for storytelling. Mudras help to express the emotions of a dancer. Researchers argue th at â€Å"Mudras are used following the view of Tantra, for the purposes of transformation and evolution by stimulating the flow of Shakti (â€Å"primal force†) in the organs, glands, and nerve channels of the body† (Carroll Carroll 23).  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Moreover, Mudtas are used in Indian iconography, mainly in Hindu and Buddhist art. The ancient scripture NÄ tyaÅ›Ä stra provides a description of 24 asaá ¹ yuta Mudras (one-hand gestures) and 13 saá ¹ yuta Mudras (two-hand gestures). Various hand gestures can be found in Hindu and Buddhist iconography, although there are some differences between iconographic conventions. Researchers believe that various symbolic bone ornaments are also can be viewed as Mudras.Conclusion  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Thus, it is necessary to conclude that Mudras have been used for centuries. Mudras are an essential part of ancient rituals of the established cultural traditions in Hindu ism and Buddhism. Mudras are used not only in yoga practice, but also in Indian classical dance and iconography. People honor Mudras as supreme force of cosmos. Mudras help people to obtain three sublime powers the physical, mental and spiritual powers.

World War II German Panther Medium Tank

World War II German Panther Medium Tank Armored vehicles known as tanks became crucial to the  efforts of France, Russia, and Britain to defeat the Triple Alliance of Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy in World War I. Tanks made it possible to shift the advantage from defensive maneuvers to offensive, and their use completely caught the Alliance off guard. Germany eventually developed a tank of their own, the A7V, but after the Armistice, all tanks in German hands  were confiscated  and  scrapped, and Germany was forbidden by various treaties to possess or build armored vehicles. All that changed with the rise to power by Adolph Hitler and the start of World War II. Design Development Development of the Panther began in 1941, following Germanys encounters with Soviet T-34 tanks in the opening days of Operation Barbarossa. Proving superior to their current tanks, the Panzer IV and Panzer III, the T-34 inflicted heavy casualties on German armored formations. That fall, following the capture of a T-34, a team was sent east to study the Soviet tank as a precursor to designing one superior to it. Returning with the results, Daimler-Benz (DB) and Maschinenfabrik Augsburg-Nà ¼rnberg AG (MAN) were ordered to design new tanks based on the study. In assessing the T-34, the German team found that the keys to its effectiveness were its 76.2 mm gun, wide road wheels, and sloping armor. Utilizing this data, DB and MAN delivered proposals to the Wehrmacht in April 1942. While the DB design was largely an improved copy of the T-34, MANs incorporated the T-34s strengths into a more traditional German design. Using a three-man turret (the T-34s fit two), the MAN design was higher and wider than the T-34 and was powered by a 690 hp gasoline engine. Though Hitler initially preferred the DB design, MANs was chosen because it used an existing turret design that would be quicker to produce. Once built, the Panther would be 22.5 feet long, 11.2 feet wide, and 9.8 feet high. Weighing around 50 tons, it was propelled by a V-12 Maybach gasoline-powered engine of about 690 hp. It reached a top speed of 34 mph, with a range of 155 miles, and held a crew of five men, which included the driver, radio-operator, commander, gunner, and loader. Its primary gun was a Rheinmetall-Borsig 1 x 7.5 cm KwK 42 L/70, with 2 x 7.92 mm Maschinengewehr 34 machine guns as the secondary armaments. It was built as a medium tank, a classification that stood somewhere between light, mobility-oriented tanks and heavily armored protection tanks. Production Following prototype trials at Kummersdorf in the fall of 1942, the new tank, dubbed Panzerkampfwagen V Panther, was moved into production. Due to the need for the new tank on the Eastern Front, production was rushed with the first units being completed that December. As a result of this haste, early Panthers were plagued by mechanical and reliability issues. At the Battle of Kursk in July 1943, more Panthers were lost to engine problems than to enemy action. Common issues included overheated engines, connecting rod and bearing failures, and fuel leaks. Additionally, the type suffered from frequent transmission and final drive breakdowns that proved difficult to repair. As a result, all Panthers underwent rebuilds at Falkensee in April and May 1943.  Subsequent upgrades to the design helped reduce or eliminate many of these issues.   While initial production of the Panther was assigned to MAN, demand for the type soon overwhelmed the companys resources.  As a result, DB, Maschinenfabrik Niedersachsen-Hannover, and Henschel Sohn all received contracts to build the Panther.  During the course of the war, around 6,000 Panthers would be constructed, making the tank the third most-produced vehicle for the Wehrmacht behind the Sturmgeschà ¼tz III and Panzer IV. At its peak in September 1944, 2,304 Panthers were operational on all fronts. Though the German government set ambitious production goals for Panther construction, these were seldom met due to Allied bombing raids repeatedly targeting key aspects of the supply chain, such as the Maybach engine plant and a  number of Panther factories themselves. Introduction The Panther entered service in January 1943 with the formation of Panzer Abteilung (Battalion) 51. After equipping Panzer Abteilung 52 the following month, increased numbers of the type were sent to frontline units early that spring. Viewed as a key element of Operation Citadel on the Eastern Front, the Germans delayed opening the Battle of Kursk until sufficient numbers of the tank were available. First seeing major combat during the fighting, the Panther initially proved ineffective due to numerous mechanical issues. With the correction of the production-related mechanical difficulties, the Panther became highly popular with German tankers and a fearsome weapon on the battlefield. While the Panther was initially intended to only equip one tank battalion per panzer division, by June 1944, it accounted for nearly half of German tank strength on both the eastern and western fronts. The Panther was first used against US and British forces at Anzio in early 1944. As it only appeared in small numbers, US and British commanders believed it to be a heavy tank that would not be built in large numbers. When Allied troops landed in Normandy that June, they were shocked to find that half the German tanks in the area were Panthers. Greatly outclassing the M4 Sherman, the Panther with its high-velocity 75mm gun inflicted heavy casualties on Allied armored units and could engage at a longer range than its foes. Allied tankers soon found that their 75mm guns were incapable of penetrating the Panthers frontal armor and that flanking tactics were required. Allied Response To combat the Panther, US forces began deploying Shermans with 76mm guns, as well as the M26 Pershing heavy tank and tank destroyers carrying 90mm guns. British units frequently fitted Shermans with 17-pdr guns (Sherman Fireflies) and deployed increasing numbers of towed anti-tank guns. Another solution was found with the introduction of the Comet cruiser tank, featuring a 77mm high-velocity gun, in December 1944. The Soviet response to the Panther was faster and more uniform, with the introduction of the T-34-85. Featuring an 85mm gun, the improved T-34 was nearly the equal of the Panther. Though the Panther remained slightly superior, high Soviet production levels quickly allowed large numbers of T-34-85s to dominate the battlefield. In addition, the Soviets developed the heavy IS-2 tank (122mm gun) and the SU-85 and SU-100 anti-tank vehicles to deal with the newer German tanks. Despite the Allies efforts, the Panther remained arguably the best medium tank in use by either side. This was largely due to its thick armor and ability to pierce the armor of enemy tanks at ranges up to 2,200 yards. Postwar The Panther remained in German service until the end of the war. In 1943, efforts were made to develop the Panther II. While similar to the original, the Panther II was intended to utilize the same parts as the Tiger II heavy tank to ease maintenance for both vehicles. Following the war, captured Panthers were briefly used by the French 503e Rà ©giment de Chars de Combat. One of the iconic tanks of World War II, the Panther influenced a number of postwar tank designs, such as the French AMX 50.

Effective Team and Performance Management Assignment - 1

Effective Team and Performance Management - Assignment Example It also discusses the critical factors affecting team performance and changes required for management of team and performance in the organizational context. Table of Contents 1.Executive Summary 2 2.Introduction 4 3.A Brief Idea of Team Dynamics and Team Formation 5 3.1 Phases of Team Formation 6 3.2 Stages of Group Development 8 3.3 Team Structure 10 4.Factors Affecting Team Performance 11 5.Changes to Be Occurred In the Team through Recommendations 12 6.Identification of Relevant Changes in Leadership and Management Styles 13 7.Conclusion 15 8.References 16 2. Introduction A team can be considered as a group of individuals who are involved for performing different functions towards accomplishing a desired objective. They are required for conducting complex tasks that are assigned by higher authorities in an organizational context. The imperative features of team can be noted as having stronger personalities, possessing effective development of specialized skills and commitment towa rds accomplishing varieties of personal objectives (Quick, 1992). In this similar context, the case study also relates to the issue of effective team and management of performance within the organisation. The case study is related to Electron which is regarded as a manufacturing company engaged in producing components particularly for the telecommunications sector. The company was founded in the year 1997 in the northern region of England. The company possess 150 members, amongst which 90 members are engaged in the department of production. Various departments that have been noted to be operated in Electron are production, marketing and sales, engineering finance and human resource. The company consists of both temporary and permanent employees. The objective of the company is to develop the culture of the company, enhance productivity, provide efficient services to the customers and most significantly gain superior competitive position. The case study focuses on team building aspec ts which are required for maintaining the efficiency of work within Electron, so that effective productivity can be carried out among the team members for the attainment of organisational objectives. In this regard, team building therefore can be signified as a necessary skill that every manager of different organisations focuses on. For developing an organized team, positive attitudes and structured approaches of leadership is required by the managers for handling employees effectively and efficiently (Maddux, 1994). The paper intends to discuss on team dynamics and team formation along with the factors affecting team performance. Moreover, the paper also gives a viewed knowledge about stages of group development as well as changes to be required in Electron to maintain organisational efficiency. 3. A Brief Idea of Team Dynamics and Team Formation According to Belbin’s model, team dynamics is generally utilised by multinational organisations that are involved in creating, re searching and developing new products, processes or solutions. It is considered as a growing trend. Team dynamics can be successful with the quality supervision of a particular team leader for the accomplishment of organisational targets persuaded by the employees and management in the organizational context (Dogaru, 2012). The contribution provides by team leader in the system of team dynamics can be identified as forming coordination amid the team members

The Boston Tea Party Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

The Boston Tea Party - Article Example According to the article "The Boston Tea Party", the tea party culminated into the movement that resisted the tea act which had gained grounds in the entire British America. The tea act had been previously passed the British parliament in 1773 with the sole objective of helping the much troubled British Indian company survive the calamity of surplus tea that was taken to the warehouse in London (Tilly 22). Closely related to this was the plan to undercut on the cost of the tea that found their way into the British colonies situated in North America. The intention was to convince the colonists to accept the purchase of tea belonging to the company and which duties were paid, in this way, the parliament right to taxation on the tea was to be endorsed (Tilly 26). The act also permitted the company to access with tea North America region and the right to export duty-free tea emanating from Britain. The severity of the parliament’s act was noted by the colonists in the entire region that consisted of thirteen colonies and was not pleased by the move. Just like it happened in the to the Stamp act of 1765, the provision of the act was equally rejected (Tilly 27). A coalition of furious merchants as well as the artisan initiated the opposition to the act and was determined to resist the distribution and delivery procedures of the tea as stipulated by the parliamentary act. Following this opposition, the company’s legitimate consignees were subjected to continuous harassment and this was coupled the resistance of the tea not to be landed.